What are dark patterns? 

• A dark pattern refers to a design or user interface technique that is intentionally crafted to manipulate or deceive users into making certain choices or taking specific actions that may not be in their best interest. 
• It is a deceptive practice employed to influence user behaviour in a way that benefits the company implementing it. 
• Some of the different types of dark patterns are “false urgency”, meaning falsely stating or implying a sense of urgency; “basket sneaking”, meaning inclusion of additional items at the time of checkout without the consent of the user; and “confirm shaming”, or using a phrase, video, audio or any other means to create a sense of fear or shame or ridicule or guilt in the mind of the user.