What are SPRs?

• Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR) are huge stockpiles of crude oil stored in the underground rock caverns (considered safest for storage of Hydrocarbons) to tackle emergency situations and allow a country to tide over short-term supply disruptions.
• They represent a defence against any event of downfall in future oil production, including physical or economic actions which disrupt any part of the production process from exploration and development through refining.
• India, the world’s third-largest consumer of crude, depends on imports for more than 85% of its requirement — and SPR could help ensure energy security and availability during global supply shocks and other emergencies.

Current Status

• In India, Strategic Petroleum Reserves are maintained by Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Limited, a Special Purpose Vehicle – wholly owned subsidiary of Oil Industry Development Board under the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas.
• Strategic crude oil storages are situated at Mangalore (Karnataka), Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh) and Padur (Karnataka) as per Phase I of India’s SPR programme. 
• They have fuel storage of a total 5.33 MMT (Million Metric Tonnes) and all the storage facilities have been filled with crude oil. The total capacity is estimated to provide for about 9.5 days of crude oil requirement.
• In addition, Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) in the country have storage facilities for crude oil and petroleum products for 64.5 days, thus the current total national capacity for storage of crude oil and petroleum products currently is 74 days. The global practice is to maintain strategic reserves of at least 90 days of oil imports.

Phase 2

• In 2021, under the second phase of the Petroleum Reserves programme, the government approved the setting up of two additional commercial-cum-strategic facilities with a total storage capacity of 6.5 MMT underground storage at Chandikhol in Odisha (4 MMT) and Padur (2.5 MMT), on Public-private partnership (PPP) Mode. 
• This would raise India’s strategic reserve capacity to 11.83 MMT, and in times of crisis, India can manage its oil requirement for a specific time period.