What is it? 

• Foreign Exchange Reserve indicates the reserves held by RBI in the form foreign currency assets, gold, SDR and reserve tranche. Components of foreign exchange reserve:

1. Foreign Currency Assets: Currencies of foreign countries are held in foreign exchange reserves. Apart from currency it also includes foreign currency deposits held by RBI with foreign central banks and the Bank for International Settlements (BIS). 
2. Gold Stock of RBI: The RBI has gold stock as a backup to issue currency and to meet unexpected Balance of Payments (BOP) problems. (BOP problem occurs when a nation is unable to pay for essential imports or service its external debt repayments)
3. SDR Holdings: Special Drawing Rights (also called “paper gold”) is a reserve created by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to help countries that have BOP problems. The member countries have to contribute to this account in proportion to their IMF quota. The SDR basket consists of five major currencies of the world – the US dollar, Euro, British Pound, Chinese Renminbi and Yen (Japan). 
4. Reserve Tranche: The reserve tranche is a portion of the required quota of currency that each IMF member country must provide to the IMF. It can be accessed by the member country at any time for its own purposes without a service fee. 

Why in News?

• The Reserve Bank of India has said that India’s Forex reserves surged by 4.672 billion US Dollars to 590.1 billion US Dollars for the week ended the 3rd of November. 
• Apex Bank said that foreign currency assets rose by 4.392 billion US Dollars. The overall value of the gold held was up by 200 million at 46.123 billion US Dollars. The country’s special drawing rights increased by 64 million to 17.975 billion US Dollars while its reserve position with the International Monetary Fund rose by 16 million to 4.789 billion US Dollars.

https://newsonair.gov.in/News?title=Forex-reserves-surge-by-4.672-billion-to-590.783-billion-US-Dollars%2c-says-RBI&id=471114