Ambergris

What is ambergris?

Ambergris is a substance that originates from the digestive system of sperm whales and is often referred to as “floating gold“
It is a waxy, grayish substance that is produced in the intestines of whales to protect their stomachs from sharp objects like squid beaks, which are part of their diet.
Over time, layers of this waxy material accumulate and solidify into lumps.

How is it formed?

The process of ambergris formation involves a complex chemical reaction within the whale’s digestive system.
Once it has formed, the whale may expel the ambergris through its feces or vomit it out.
The ambergris then floats on the ocean’s surface and can be found washed up on beaches or collected from the water.
Ambergris is produced only by an estimated 1% of sperm whales only.

Uses of Ambergris

Perfumes and Fragrances: One of the most well-known and traditional uses of ambergris is as an ingredient in perfumes and fragrances. Its complex, long-lasting scent can enhance and stabilize other aromatic compounds in perfumes.
Aromatherapy: Ambergris has been used in aromatherapy for its unique and relaxing scent.
Traditional Medicine: In some cultures, ambergris has been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, such as treating ailments related to the digestive system or as an aphrodisiac.
Culinary Uses: In the past, ambergris was occasionally used as a flavoring agent in culinary recipes, particularly in high-end dishes.

Smuggling of Ambergis

Natural ambergris is relatively rare and due to its high value it is frequently smuggled.
There have been several cases where the coastline of Gujarat has been used for such smuggling.
Since the sperm whale is a protected species, hunting the whale is not allowed, but smugglers have resorted to unfair means to trap sperm whales.

Sperm whales

Sperm whales are the largest toothed whales and are known for their massive heads and distinctive appearance.
Sperm whales are found in oceans around the world, from cold polar waters to tropical and subtropical regions.
Sperm whales are known to live in social groups known as pods. These pods are usually composed of females and their offspring. Adult males often live a more solitary existence or form smaller bachelor groups.
Sperm whales use echolocation for identifying prey.
Threats to these species include marine pollution, noise pollution, and climate change.
Sperm whales are declared vulnerable in IUCN red list
They are also protected under Appendix I of CITES.

Why in news?

Mysuru police recently arrested three men for trafficking highly-valued ambergris.

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