Biennial Update Report
What’s in the news?
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- India has submitted its 4th Biennial Update Report (BUR-4) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
- The UNFCCC effective from March 21, 1994, aims to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations and promote global cooperation on climate change and long-term climate finance.
- The 21st session of the UNFCCC’s Conference of the Parties (COP21) took place in Paris in 2015, where 195 countries adopted the Paris Agreement.
- The agreement aims to limit the global average temperature increase above pre-industrial levels to well below 2°C, and to pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5°C and peak greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible.
- It entered into force on November 4, 2016, requiring countries to submit Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) outlining their climate targets.
About BURs
- India submits Biennial Update Reports (BURs) to the UNFCCC every two years to track progress.
- These reports update the national GHG inventories, detail mitigation actions, and highlight the support received, including efforts to reduce emissions.
Highlights of BUR-4
- The report shows a 7.93% reduction in total GHG emissions in 2020 with respect to 2019.
- Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF), India’s emissions were 2,959 million tonnes of CO2e (carbon dioxide equivalent, way to measure the impact of GHG).
- Including LULUCF, net emissions were 2,437 million tonnes of CO2e.
- The energy sector was the largest contributor accounting for 75.66% of emissions, along with other land use, sequestered approximately 522 million tonnes of CO2, equivalent to reducing 22%of the country’s total emissions.
- India’s historical share of cumulative global GHG emissions is annual 4%, despite having around 17% of the world’s population between 1850 and 2019.
- India’s annual primary energy consumption per capita in 2019 was 28.7 gigajoules (GJ), considerably lower than both developed and developing countries.
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