Who are they?

• In the 16th century, a dynasty called Chautas ruled the region from Ullala and Puttige(present day Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka). 
• They were then the feudatories  of the Vijayanagara emperors.  
• Like most of the royal families of Tulunadu, who followed the matriarchal (Aliyakattu) system, Chautas also followed it. 
• From the 13th century to the mid-18th century, five Abbakka queens are mentioned in connection  with this branch. 
• It could be suggested that the  name ‘Abbakka’ might have been a title or the  family name rather than the first name. 

How do we know about them?

• The 17th century Italian traveller Pietro Dalla Valle’s accounts  provide a vivid portrayal of Rani Abbakka, who, despite her humble  appearance, commanded immense respect and authority.
• Portuguese records also speak highly of these rulers, even though both the parties were locked in conflict to dominate the coastal regions and its trade.

What do we know about them?

• The last Abbakka queen, we know, ruled in the 17th century and followed Jainism but had an integrated army and  administrative set-up of people from all religions. 
• The last known Abbakka ruled from 1594 to 1640. Ullala’s conflict with the Portuguese over trade  and the tribute issue persisted in her period.
• She formed alliances with Zamorin of Calicut and Nayaka rulers of Keladi. She defeated the Portuguese in a few wars and they kept away from her affairs for a long period.
• She took up many irrigation projects in her region for the welfare of the people.