Background:

• Foreign policy refers to a set of goals, objectives, principles, guidelines, policies, strategies, actions and decisions adopted by a state in its relations with other states to help it achieve its objectives and best self-interests.
• India’s foreign policy has evolved from an idealistic approach (period just after independence) to a pragmatic-realistic approach in the current times.
  • Idealistic approach of India was evident through belief in the fairness of international organisations and global powers. 
  • India taking the Kashmir issue to the United Nations Organisation (UNO) to solve it in a fair manner is an example of idealistic approach.
  • Realistic approach  gives first importance to India’s interest and welfare.
  • India buying cheap Russian oil even after criticism from European countries is an outcome of this policy.
• In this scenario, India’s external affairs minister has outlined the principles guiding India’s Bharat First strategy in foreign policy.

India’s move towards Bharat First Strategy:

• Assertiveness and Independence in Decision Making: India demonstrates a willingness to take stands when necessary, without succumbing to external pressures. This indicates a commitment to protecting and advancing its interests on the global stage.
• Multi-Vector Diplomacy: India pursues a diplomatic strategy that maximises partnerships while minimising problems. This approach allows India to engage with various countries and regions effectively, ensuring its interests are served across different fronts.
• Active Participation in International Initiatives: India actively participates in various international initiatives, such as Quad, BRICS, I2U2, SCO, and East Asia Summit, with a focus on advancing its interests and maintaining political balances in a changing world.
• Strategic Autonomy and Self-Sufficiency: India acknowledges the importance of strategic autonomy and self-sufficiency, particularly in critical infrastructure and basic needs. Policies such as “Make in India” are designed to enhance economic and national security while reducing dependence on external sources.
• International Collaboration and Engagement: If India is to emerge as a leading power, it must develop deep national strengths. This strength can come from expanding manufacturing as that serves as the foundation for technology. 
  • International supply chains are being rebuilded to ensure more reliable manufacturing especially in domains like semiconductors, electric mobility and green technologies. India works hard to include itself in this renewed network.
• Recognition of Indian Skills and Talent: As the world faces demographic changes, India aims to capitalise on the growing recognition of Indian skills and talent globally. This involves expanding education and training capacities and ensuring compatibility with Indian values and practices.
• Regional Connectivity and Logistics projects: India recognizes the benefits of free connectivity and logistics across countries. Initiatives such as the IMEC corridor, INSTC, and the Trilateral Highway aim to enhance connectivity and reduce risks associated with supply chain disruptions.

Conclusion:

• The pathway to reaching the goal of Viksit Bharat in the next 25 years will have many requirements. Among those, a strong sense of “Bharat First”, where we have our national interest as the primary metric of judgement takes an important role.