About BRICS

• BRICS brings together five major emerging economies- China, Brazil, Russia, India and South Africa. These 5 countries host 41% of the world population, contributing 24% of the world GDP and over 16% share in world trade.
• The grouping was formalised during the first meeting of BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) Foreign Ministers on the margins of the UNGA in New York in September 2006.
• South Africa was added to the grouping in 2011 creating “BRICS”.
• BRICS cooperation is aimed at complementing and strengthening existing bilateral and multilateral relations among member countries.
• The Chairship of the forum is rotated annually among the members, in accordance with the acronym B-R-I-C-S.
• Cooperation among members is predicated on three levels or “tracks” of interaction, namely:
  • Track I: Formal diplomatic engagement between the national governments
  • Track II: Engagement through government-affiliated institutions, e.g. state-owned enterprises and business councils
  • Track III: Civil society and “people-to-people” engagement.

Significant developments of BRICS

New Development Bank

• The New Development Bank (NDB) was established by the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries. It formally came into existence at the Ufa Summit (Russia) in 2015.
• It was established with the objective of financing infrastructure and sustainable development projects in BRICS and other emerging economies and developing countries, complementing the efforts of multilateral and regional financial institutions toward global growth and development.
• In 2018, the NDB received observer status in the UN General Assembly.

Contingency Reserve 

• The BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) is a framework for the provision of support through liquidity and precautionary instruments in response to actual or potential short-term balance of payments pressures.

Agriculture Research Platform 

• BRICS Agriculture Research Platform was recently set up in India to promote cooperation in the areas of agricultural research, extension, technology transfer, training and capacity building. 
• The intention is to make the BRICS Agriculture Research Platform functional and encourage research cooperation to improve the use and application of agricultural technologies for meeting the needs of producers and processors.

Why in News?

• In a landmark decision, members of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) declared expansion of the grouping by welcoming six new countries into the fold. 
• Members agreed to include Argentina, Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia, and UAE into BRICS.
• Originally consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, and China, BRICS was envisioned as a global-level outfit of major economies that are playing an increasingly important role in the post-Cold War world order.

https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/brics-to-admit-six-new-members-next-year/article67230192.ece#:~:text=Argentina%2C%20Egypt%2C%20Ethiopia%2C%20Iran,become%20full%20members%20of%20BRICS&text=In%20a%20landmark%20decision%2C%20members,new%20countries%20into%20the%20fold.