Non communicable diseases

Context

The existing National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) programme has been renamed National Programme for Prevention & Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCD) amid widening coverage and expansion
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) has also decided to rename the portal which enables population enumeration, risk assessment, and screening for five common NCDs

What are Non Communicable Diseases

Non-communicable diseases are diseases that are not spread through infection or through other people, but are typically caused by unhealthy behaviours.
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes and chronic lung disease, are collectively responsible for 74% of all deaths worldwide.
More than three-quarters of all NCD deaths, and 86% of the 17 million people who died prematurely, or before reaching 70 years of age, occur in low- and middle-income countries.
NCDs share four major risk factors: tobacco use, physical inactivity, the harmful use of alcohol and unhealthy diets.
Four types of non-communicable diseases account for over two thirds of deaths globally are Cardiovascular diseases, Cancers, Diabetes and Chronic respiratory diseases

National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke

National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) is being implemented under the National Health Mission (NHM).
The National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) was launched in 2010 with focus on strengthening infrastructure, human resource development, health promotion, early diagnosis, management and referral.
Under NPCDCS, NCD Cells are being established at National, State and District levels for programme management, and NCD Clinics are being set up at District and CHC levels, to provide services for early diagnosis, treatment and follow-up for common NCDs.
Provision has been made under the programme to provide free diagnostic facilities and drugs for patients attending the NCD clinics.
Cardiac Care Units (CCU) are also being set up in identified districts for providing facilities for emergency Cardiac Care.
Day Care Centres at the identified districts are setup to provide facilities for Cancer care.
During the period 2010-2012, the programme was implemented in 100 districts across 21 State

Initiatives in India against Non communicable diseases

Affordable Medicines and Reliable Implants for Treatment (AMRIT) Deendayal outlets have been opened at 159 Institutions/Hospitals with an objective to make available Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases drugs and implants at discounted prices to the patients.
Jan Aushadhi stores are set up by the Department of Pharmaceuticals to provide generic medicines at affordable prices.
Strengthening of Tertiary Care Cancer facilities scheme to support the setting up of State Cancer Institutes (SCI) and Tertiary Care Centres (TCCC) in different parts of the country.
Screening of common NCDs including three common cancers i.e., oral, breast and cervical is also an integral part of service delivery under Ayushman Bharat – Health and Wellness Centres.
Treatment of cancers is also available under Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY).

Global efforts against NCD

Noncommunicable diseases are recognized as a major global challenge in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The Agenda sets the target of reducing premature deaths from NCDs by one third by 2030.
The WHO Department of Noncommunicable Diseases is responsible for global leadership, coordination, guidance and technical support to reduce premature mortality and morbidity from NCDs. In 2019, the World Health Assembly extended the WHO Global action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs 2013–2020 to 2030.

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