Context

• Using the data from the SARAS 3 telescope, astronomers and researchers have been able to determine properties of radio luminous galaxies formed just 200 million years post the Big Bang, a period known as the Cosmic Dawn.

Findings

• Data from SARAS 3 was used by scientists of Raman Research Institute to throw light on the energy output, luminosity, and masses of the first generation of galaxies that are bright in radio wavelengths.
• The results from the SARAS 3 telescope are the first time that radio observations of the averaged 21-centimetre line have been able to provide an insight into the properties of the earliest radio loud galaxies that are usually powered by supermassive black holes.
• Earlier, scientists from the Research Institute used the same data to reject claims of the detection of an anomalous 21-cm signal from Cosmic Dawn made by the EDGES radio telescope developed by researchers from Arizona State University (ASU) and MIT, USA.

Saras 3 Telescope 

•  Shaped Antenna measurement of the background Radio Spectrum-3 (SARAS-3) telescope is an indigenously built telescope built by Raman Research Institute.
• It was deployed over Dandiganahalli Lake and Sharavathi backwaters in Karnataka.
• This work takes forward the results from SARAS-2, which was the first to inform the properties of earliest stars and galaxies.

SARAS experiment

• SARAS is a niche high-risk high-gain experimental effort of Raman Research Institute..
• It was a courageous attempt to design, build and deploy in India a precision radio telescope to detect extremely faint radio wave signals from the depths of time, from our “Cosmic Dawn” 

Cosmic Dawn

• Cosmic Dawn refers to a period when the first stars, galaxies and blackholes were first formed in the universe.
• It dates back to 50 million to one billion years from the big bang theory.

reference:

https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/saras-3-telescope-throws-light-on-the-nature-of-early-stars-and-galaxies/article66195720.ece