Salmonella typhimurium

Recent studies have found the emergence of multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhimurium DT104 that causes infections in humans and cattle
The rapid and unselective use of traditional antibiotics gives rise to the emergence of drug resistant phenotype in typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars, which has increased the difficulties in curing Salmonella-induced food-borne illnesses (majorly typhoid or paratyphoid fever, gastroenteritis, and diarrhoea) worldwide.

Salmonella typhimurium ST313, an invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella serovar, causes bloodstream infection in the malnourished and immunocompromised population of sub-Saharan Africa.

Salmonella infection (salmonellosis) is a common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract.
Salmonella bacteria typically live in animal and human intestines and are shed through stool (feces).
Humans become infected most frequently through contaminated water or food.

Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Typhi are closely related.
However, there are distinct differences in the type and severity of infectious disease they both cause.
This difference in infections is the result of differences in their genetic makeup
While the typhoidal serovars (Typhi and Paratyphi A) are human-restricted and cause enteric fever, non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars (Typhimurium and Enteritidis) have a broad host range and predominantly cause gastroenteritis.

Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection that can spread throughout the body, affecting many organs. Without prompt treatment, it can cause serious complications and can be fatal.
It’s caused by a bacterium called Salmonella typhi, which is related to the bacteria that cause salmonella food poisoning.
- Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever are similar diseases caused by bacteria. Salmonella Typhi bacteria cause typhoid fever. Salmonella Paratyphi bacteria cause paratyphoid fever.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the phenomenon by which bacteria and fungi evolve and become resistant to presently available medical treatment.

It is one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. The World Health Organization Director-General has termed AMR as a slow tsunami that threatens to undo a century of medical progress.
AMR represents an existential threat to modern medicine. At present it is already responsible for up to 7,00,000 deaths a year.
Unless urgent measures are taken to address this threat, we could soon face an unprecedented health and economic crisis of 10 million annual deaths and costs of up to $100 trillion by 2050.
When a single bacterium is resistant to more than one antibiotic it is said to be multidrug-resistant.

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