Hybrid propulsion system

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) said that it has successfully demonstrated a hybrid propulsion system that uses a solid fuel and liquid oxidiser.
The hybrid system is more efficient, ”greener’‘ and safer to handle and paves the way for new propulsion technologies for future missions
In the ground-based test, the flight equivalent 30 kN hybrid motor used Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-based aluminised solid fuel and liquid oxygen (LOX) as the oxidiser.

Hybrid Propulsion System

Conventional HTPB-based solid propellant motors used in rockets use ammonium perchlorate as oxidiser.
In rocket engines, oxidisers supply the oxygen needed for combustion.
While both HTPB and LOX are green, the cryogenic LOX is safer to handle. And unlike conventional solid motors, the hybrid technology permits restarting and throttling capabilities on the motor.
The use of liquids facilitates throttling and control over the flow rate of LOX

The technology demonstration paves the way for hybrid propulsion-based sounding rockets and an exciting platform for vertical landing experiments for spent-stage recovery.
Read about spent stage recovery- https://officerspulse.com/inflatable-aerodynamic-decelerator-iad/

Hybrid propulsion is any vehicle propulsion system that includes two or more sources of propulsion in one design, usually which can be used either together or alternately.
Hybrid propellant engines: These engines are a cross between solid and liquid propellant engines. One of the components is solid, usually the fuel, while the other is liquid, usually the oxidizer. The liquid is injected into the solid, which also functions as a fuel reservoir and a combustion chamber.
The fundamental benefit of such engines is that they have great performance, comparable to solid propellant engines, but the combustion may be slowed, stopped, or even restarted. Because it is difficult to apply this concept to very big thrusts, hybrid propellant engines are rarely produced.

Today Current Affairs Upsc Exam Syllabus & Previous Yearpaper.