About the NAM

• The Non-Aligned Movement was formed during the Cold War as an organization of States that did not seek to formally align themselves with either the United States or the Soviet Union, but sought to remain independent or neutral. 
• NAM was officially founded in 1961, at the Belgrade Summit, drawing on the principles (also known as Bandung Principles) agreed at the Afro-Asian Conference held in Bandung, Indonesia in 1955.
• Such principles were adopted later as the main goals and objectives of the policy of non-alignment. The fulfillment of those principles became the essential criterion for Non-Aligned Movement membership.
• The ten principles of Bandung are followings:
  • Respect of fundamental human rights and of the objectives and principles of the Charter of the United Nations.
  • Respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all nations.
  • Recognition of the equality among all races and of the equality among all nations, both large and small.
  • Non-intervention or non-interference into the internal affairs of another -country.
  • Respect the right of every nation to defend itself, either individually or collectively, in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations.
  • Non-use of collective defense pacts to benefit the specific interests of any of the great powers. Non-use of pressures by any country against other countries.
  • Refraining from carrying out or threatening to carry out aggression, or from using force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any country.
  • Peaceful solution of all international conflicts in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations.
  • Promotion of mutual interests and of cooperation.
  • Respect of justice and of international obligations.
• India is one of the founding members of the NAM. 
• The following are considered to be the founding fathers and historic leaders of the Movement: Joseph Broz Tito (President of Yugoslavia), Gamal Abdel Nasser (President of Egypt), Jawaharlal Nehru (Prime Minister of India), Sukarno (President of Indonesia), and Kwame Nkrumah (President of Ghana).
• At present, the NAM consists of around 120 Member States.

Why in News?

• India participated in a High-Level Meeting of Non-Aligned Movement.

Reference:

1. https://www.nti.org/education-center/treaties-and-regimes/non-aligned-movement-nam/