Iran nuclear deal

The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), more commonly known as the Iran nuclear deal, was reached between Iran and six world powers known as the P5+1 (China, France, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) in July 2015.

According to this framework, Iran would redesign, convert, and reduce its nuclear facilities in order to lift all nuclear-related economic sanctions.
The deal also allowed for the tracking of nuclear activities with robust transparency and inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

The US President Donald Trump unilaterally withdrew from the Iran nuclear deal in 2018, claiming it did not address Iran’s ballistic missile programme or its roles in Middle Eastern conflicts.
The US also re-imposed tough economic sanctions against Iran.
Reacting to the US’ withdrawal, Iran announced that it will breach its limits set on its nuclear activity by the 2015 deal.

Western officials warned Iran that negotiations to revive its nuclear deal could not continue indefinitely, after the sides announced a break following the election of a new hard-line president in Iran.
Negotiations have been ongoing in Vienna since April to work out how Iran and the US can both return to compliance with the nuclear pact, which Washington abandoned in 2018 under then-President Donald Trump, and Iran subsequently violated.
The latest pause in the talks came after Ebrahim Raisi, a hard-liner and fierce critic of the West, won Iran’s presidential election with 62% of the vote amid a historically low voter turnout.
Raisi will take office in early August, replacing Hassan Rouhani, under whom Tehran struck the deal agreeing to curbs to its nuclear program in return for the lifting of international sanctions.

The International Atomic Energy Agency is the world’s central intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical co-operation in the nuclear field.

It works for the safe, secure and peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology, contributing to international peace and security and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.
The IAEA is an autonomous international organization within the United Nations system. It partners with more than a dozen UN organizations, thereby helping extend the reach of its services.
IAEA reports annually to the UN General Assembly.
Created in 1957, the IAEA Secretariat is headquartered in Vienna, Austria.
Total Membership: 171 (including India).

The main functions of the IAEA are to:
- encourage and assist research, development and practical application of atomic energy for peaceful uses throughout the world;
- establish and administer safeguards designed to ensure that such activity assisted by the Agency is not used to further any military purpose;
- apply safeguards to relevant activities at the request of Member States;
- apply, under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and other international treaties, mandatory comprehensive safeguards in non-nuclear weapon States (NNWS) Parties to such treaties.

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