Coastal security, after 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks

12 years after the 26/11 Mumbai attacks, the Indian Coastal region has been rewired to better security.
India has developed a 3 tier mechanism (Indian Navy, COastal Guards and Marine Police) along with the IMAC system.

The Information Management and Analysis Centre (IMAC) is the nodal centre of the National Command Control Communications and Intelligence Network (NC3I Network), and is a joint initiative of Indian Navy, Coast Guard and Bharat Electronics Ltd to improve coastal surveillance.
The IMAC, headquartered at Gurgaon, is the centre where data from various sensors and databases is aggregated, correlated and then disseminated to various stations for enhanced awareness.
It tracks only commercial ships (white shipping) in the Indian Ocean region (IOR). Military ships are not tracked through it.
Officers at IMAC can look at all ships that transmit signals to an Automatic Identification System (AIS) when passing through IOR, and can look at information including route, destination, nationality and ownership for each vessel.
IMAC has linkages with a number of national and international organisations, from which It collates data, analyses patterns, and alerts relevant authorities if anything is found suspicious such as in the recent decade, IMAC has found an increase in Chinese vessels in the Indian Ocean.

IMAC can only track those ships and boats which sent signals to the AIS system. BUt there are more than 2.6 lakh boats which are not fitted with transponders and IMAC cannot track them. Such types of boats and ships are called dark ships.
ISRO is trying to come with a system to track all the fishing vessels.
The Cabinet Committee on Security is also considering a proposal by the Navy to develop a National Maritime Awareness Centre, a multi-agency body including the Navy, Coast Guard, intelligence agencies, state marine police forces, and ministries of shipping, ports and fisheries.

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