Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology

The Institute was founded as the Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) in 1962 at Pune, as a distinct unit of the India Meteorological Department (IMD).
It is under the Ministry of Earth Sciences.
IITM is a premiere research Institute to generate scientific knowledge in the field of meteorology and atmospheric sciences that has potential application in various fields such as agriculture, economics, health, water resources, transportation, communications, etc.
It functions as a national centre for basic and applied research in monsoon meteorology.

Created in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the objective of the IPCC is to provide governments at all levels with scientific information that they can use to develop climate policies.
IPCC reports are also a key input into international climate change negotiations.
The IPCC is an organization of governments that are members of the United Nations or WMO.
For the assessment reports, IPCC scientists volunteer their time to assess the thousands of scientific papers published each year to provide a comprehensive summary of what is known about the drivers of climate change, its impacts and future risks, and how adaptation and mitigation can reduce those risks.
The IPCC does not conduct its own research.
The IPCC is divided into three Working Groups and a Task Force.
Working Group I deals with The Physical Science Basis of Climate Change, Working Group II with Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability and Working Group III with Mitigation of Climate Change.
The main objective of the Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories is to develop and refine a methodology for the calculation and reporting of national greenhouse gas emissions and removals.

Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology has developed a climate forecasting model to arrive at projections of the impact of global warming on the subcontinent in the coming century.
These projections will be part of the next report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, expected to be ready in 2022.

The projections expect annual rainfall to increase, along with more severe cyclones and — paradoxically — more droughts.
From 1986-2015, the hottest day and coldest night have warmed 0.63°C and 0.4°C, respectively. By the end of the 21st century these temperatures are projected to rise by approximately 4.7°C and 5.5°C, respectively, relative to the corresponding temperatures in 1976-2005.
The frequencies of future warm days and warm nights are projected to increase by 55% and 70%, respectively, relative to the reference period of 1976-2005.
Summer heat waves over India are projected to be three to four times higher by the end of the 21st century.
The projected rapid changes in India’s climate will place increasing stress on the country’s natural ecosystems, agricultural output, and freshwater resources

References:

Today Current Affairs Upsc Exam Syllabus & Previous Yearpaper.